Process NMR Associates - http://process-nmr.com

February 28, 2008

Process NMR Application: Spectro-Molecular Control for Enhanced Diesel Recovery

Filed under: Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 1:18 pm

NMR Process Systems – Integrated Solution

Application for Crude Unit and Downstream Processes:
Spectro-Molecular Control for Enhanced Diesel Recovery

NMR Process Systems’ (NPS) on-line NMR based analytical and process control strategy for enhanced diesel recovery at the crude distillation unit maximizes clean diesel recovery by enabling closer cut point control in the mid-section of the CDU.

Clean Fuels regulations in both the European and American markets have had a substantial impact on a refiner’s ability to maximize product draws at the refinery front end. Extremely low sulfur requirements for gasoline and diesel have resulted in refiners now being more constrained at the hydrotreaters. Lack of reliable, focused, measurement and control of critical CDU product draws has forced many refiners to significantly undercut these draws in order to ensure minimum error in the final product blends, especially with respect to total sulfur. Depending on a refinery’s crude supply and CDU capacity, a conservative estimate of 300-500+ barrels per day of loss diesel production is typical. With an average of $25-$35 per barrel margin loss, the economic impact of these Clean Fuels Regulations are substantial.

Integrating proven NMR technology with a focused measurement and control strategy enables crude unit operations to cut “chemically” closer to the hydrotreater constraint limit. The strength of NMR is that it quantitatively and accurately “observes” the chemistry of each refinery stream and readily relates that chemistry to chemically dependent parameters such as distillation, cetane, freeze points, etc. The NPS strategy is to cut and control CDU diesel production as closely to the dibenzothiophene distillation limit as possible. Figure 1 illustrates this strategy in terms of both current and proposed NMR based measurements.

Figure 1: Overall NMR measurement and control outline highlighting measurement/control strategies.

Enhanced Diesel Recovery

Let NMR Process Systems deliver “Spectro-Molecular” Control to your refinery so that you can achieve real economic and production benefits.

January 28, 2008

Process NMR Associates - Archives - Gasoline Analysis by NMR and Chemometrics - ENC 1996

Filed under: Chemistry, NIR, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 8:55 pm

Just came across an old presentation on gasoline analysis by NMR and chemometrics with direct comparisons to Mid-IR and NIR. Presented at the Experimental NMR Conference in March 1996….PDF (3 MB)

Conjugated Diolefins Analysis by COSY NMR

Filed under: Chemistry, NMR — processn @ 8:51 pm

Conjugated diolefins are responsible for fouling of many processes in a refinery. COSY NMR analysis can determine the concentration of these species in many processed petroleum product streams….see PNA webs site.

October 29, 2007

Schering-Plough Corporation Seeks Process Analytical Technology Manager

Filed under: IR-ATR, NIR, NMR, PAT, Process NMR — processn @ 8:58 pm

Title:
Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Manager

Description:
Implement Process Analytical Technology (PAT) throughout all the Global Quality Sites to identification of incoming materials and monitor manufacturing processes.
Work directly with the sites and Schering Plough Research Institute to help support / initiate the development, validation, and deployment of PAT at the sites.
Review, evaluate, implement, and manage PAT activities.
Provide guidance / technical help to the sites to conduct evaluation and purchase commercial PAT related analytical equipment (e.g. NIR / FT-NIR, Raman / FT-Raman, IR / FT - IR etc.).
Maintain analytical instruments in the lab to comply with cGMP standards and requirements.
Train and mentor laboratory staff on PAT to generate analytical data for routine experiments.
Generate network and infrastructures with various sites of the corporation.
Take full ownership / responsibility and provide effective, meaningful, result driven and pro-active leadership on all PAT projects.
Responsible to transfer knowledge / technology of PAT related projects and activities to sites. Job is located in New Jersey.

Respectfully, Vincent L. Graziano
Recruiting Manager / Global Staffing
Schering-Plough Corporation
556 Morris Avenue, S1-1
Summit, N.J. 07901
Ph: 908-473-2745
Fx: 908-473-2793
Ph: 908-298-5232 (Kenilworth)
Careers: Employment Opportunities
email: vincent.graziano@spcorp.com 

NPS - IS : A New Approach to Process Analytical

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, IR-ATR, NIR, NMR, Process NMR, TD-NMR — processn @ 5:34 pm

Press Release - NMR Process Systems - Swagelok Technology Conference, Teaneck NJ - October 23, 2007

NMR Process Systems, LLC Announces NPS-IS© -   NPS – Integrated Solutions

NMR Process Systems (NPS) announces a new era in advanced analyzer and process control solutions for on-line and at-line process applications. NPS’s Integrated Solutions (NPS-IS©) approach is designed to take advanced on-line analysis to the next level in delivering real engineering and economic benefit to the user. 

NPS-IS©: the first and original source for any and all on-line NMR applications regardless of NMR vendor.

NPS-IS©: the first to offer integrated advanced analytical solutions using multiple technologies “in one box”.

NPS-IS©: the first to offer a fully integrated Swagelok sampling solution for improved sample switching and reliable measurement.

Too many spectroscopic based on-line analyzer projects (FTIR, NIR, NMR) have failed to meet expectations and/or objectives due to:

·         Overselling the measurement

·         Underestimating the sampling requirements

·         Trying to replace all traditional analyzers with one technique.

NMR Process Systems is positioned to deliver the real benefits of advanced analytical systems in petroleum, petrochemical, chemical, food and beverage and pharmaceutical applications.  Moving beyond the traditional replacement analyzer philosophy, “NPS-IS©” integrating analyzers and advanced controls to deliver real process improvement and economic benefit. Such integration leverages the strength of any individual spectroscopy, shortens per stream analysis time, and builds in internal cross-checking to ensure accuracy.

For more information contact Paul Giammatteo Principal, NMR Process Systems

87A Sand Pit Rd, Danbury, CT 06810 U.S.A.  Tel: (203) 744-5905

The RefinIR - FTIR-ATR Petroleum Product Analyzer

Filed under: Chemistry, IR-ATR, Process NMR — processn @ 5:32 pm

Press Release - NMR Process Systems - Gulf Coast Conference, Galveston Island, Texas - October 17, 2007

NMR Process Systems, LLC and Smith’s Detection Launch RefinIRTM - The New Refinery Products Analyzer

In a joint development effort NMR Process Systems and Smith’s Detection have developed a range of petroleum analyzer products based on a mid-infrared spectrometer which utilizes an attenuated total reflection (ATR) sample interface. The ATR allows wipe and swipe sample introduction that is ideal for heavy petroleum analysis. Chemometric approaches to chemical and physical property prediction have been developed as well as analysis by spectral database matching. The FTIR-ATR spectrometer is called the RefinIR which can be utilized in the laboratory for rountine, multi-parameter prediction of  petroleum product properties or to aid in process troubleshooting on unusual samples or solid foulants.

For more information contact Paul Giammatteo Principal, NMR Process Systems

87A Sand Pit Rd, Danbury, CT 06810 U.S.A.  Tel: (203) 744-5905

Process NMR Associates Develops Oxford QP-20 Spectrometer Replacement

Filed under: NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 5:29 pm

In a joint development effort Process NMR Associates and Resonance Systems Ltd have developed a replacement NMR spectrometer for the Oxford QP-20 TD-NMR analyzer. In many cases the excellent magnet and probe of the QP-20 continue to work effectively long after the NMR spectrometer has died. The Spin Track-20 spectrometer enables the user to completely replace the QP-20 NMR system while retaining the use of the original magnet and probe configuration. The product represents state-of-the-art digital NMR technology allowing newly developed TD-NMR methodologies to be applied to complex systems with all the advantages of a windows computer system (replacing the paper cartridge of the original system). Customers who have malfunctioning QP-20 NMR systems can obtain a modern digital NMR system within 8 weeks of order and for less than $16,000. The modular design of the Spin Track TD-NMR systems allows our engineers to develop replacement systems for all benchtop NMR systems such as those marketed by Oxford Instruments, Bruker Minispec, and Resonance Systems. Contact us if you have a non-functioning system that might be a candidate for the Spin Track upgrade.

For more information contact John Edwards Principal, Process NMR Associates - Spin Track Division
87A Sand Pit Rd, Danbury, CT 06810 U.S.A. Tel: (203) 744-5905

October 7, 2007

PNA Presentation at 9th Upstate NY NMR Symposium

Filed under: NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 8:35 am

State University of New York
College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF)
Syracuse, NY, 13210
Alumni Lounge– Marshall Hall
October 12, 2007

Co-Organizers

SUNY-ESF Syracuse University SUNY Upstate Medical University Bristol-Myers Squibb
Art Stipanovic Phil Borer Stewart Loh Doug Weaver
Dave Kiemle Stephan Wilkens  

Sponsors

  • SUNY-ESF
  • Syracuse University
  • Bruker Biospin
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Process NMR Associates LLC
  • Isotec
  • Cambridge Isotope Laboratories
  • Varian Inc.

The 9th annual Upstate NY NMR Symposium will be held at SUNY-ESF on Friday, October 12th featuring keynote speaker Professor Ruth E. Stark, Director Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, CUNY. Others from around the region will also highlight their work in short presentations and posters.

  • Tentative oral presentation program
  • Poster session program (posted by 9/12)

There is no cost to attend this symposium due to the generosity of the sponsors listed above but pre-registration is required

Lodging arrangements have not been made for this symposium but a variety of options are available:

The conference will be held in the Alumni Lounge (a.k.a. Nifkin Lounge), Marshall Hall on the SUNY-ESF campus located adjacent to Syracuse University.

Parking has been arranged in the Irving Garage just a short walk from Marshall Hall (campus map).

Tentative Program

Time Place Speaker Title
8:00-9:10 AM Alumni Lounge
Marshall Hall
Check-In
Coffee + Bagels
Poster Setup
Posters on Display
9:15 Alumni Lounge Phil Borer
Syracuse University
Welcome
9:30 Thomas Szyperski
SUNY-Buffalo
Where do we stand on GFT projection NMR spectroscopy?
9:55 Yibing Wu
SUNY-Buffalo
GFT-NMR based high throughput structure determination exemplified for NESG targets NeT4 and SR500A
10:10 Arindam Ghosh
SUNY-Buffalo
NMR structure of NESG target MR32, a member of the family of Trm112p-like proteins
10:25 Bio-Break
10:35 David LeMaster Wadsworth Center - NYS Dept. of Health Electrostatic stabilization and general base catalysis in the active site of the human protein disulfide isomerasea domain monitored by hydrogen exchange
11:00 Joseph Hornack
RIT
The relaxivity of Gd-(DTPA-BMA) / Cu+2 mixtures and evidence for a Gd-(DTPA-BMA)-Cu complex.
11:25 Nelly Aranibar
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Metabolomics in Drug Discovery and development
11:50 Lunch
Poster Session
 
1:30 PM 140 Baker Lab Nikolaos Sgourakis
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Pressure Effects on the Ensemble Dynamics of ubiquitin at the Picosecond-to-Nanosecond timescale investigated with isotropic reorientational eigenmode dynamics
1:55 Paul Giammatteo or John Edwards
Process NMR Associates, LLC
New Developments in Non-traditional NMR Applications
2:25 George Crull
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Extending Solid State NMR to Address Process Development Issues
2:50 Gwen Lubey
P+G Pharmaceuticals
Solid State NMR Characterization of Risedronate Hydrate Forms and Dehydrated Risedronate
3:15 - Break
3:30 Keynote Lecture Prof. Ruth Stark
CUNY
NMR Structural Studies of Protective Plant Biopolymers

October 5, 2007

Process NMR Sessions at Eastern Analytical Symposium - November 14

Filed under: NMR — processn @ 1:26 pm

Eastern Analytical Symposium – November 12-15, 2007
Garden State Convention Center, Somerset, New Jersey

Process NMR Technology Sessions
Wednesday, November 14, 2007
Chair: John Edwards, Process NMR Associates
Sponsored by Process NMR Associates

Process NMR Technology I: High-Resolution Studies

9:00 “Introduction to NMR in Process Control”
John Edwards, Process NMR Associates

9:25 “Standardizing and Stabilizing NMR Calibration Transfer”
Miko DeLevy, Qualion NMR Analyzers

9:50 “More from the Barrel – On-line NMR Increases Diesel Production and Quality”
Paul Giammatteo, Process NMR Associates

10:15 Break

10:35 “Taking NMR into the Refining Process: Best Practices and Benefits”
Marcus Trygstad, Invensys Process Systems

11:00 “Get Your Head Out of the Sand: Use of Reaction NMR to Better Understand Reactions in Process Development”
Andreas Kaerner, Eli Lilly

11:25 “Direct Prediction of Gasoline Properties for Monitoring Refinery Processes by H-1 NMR Spectroscopy”
Veena Bansal, Indian Oil Company

Process NMR Technology II: Time-Domain Studies
Chair: John Edwards, Process NMR Associates
Sponsored by Process NMR Associates

2:00 “Recent Developments in Time-domain NMR and Its Applications in Polymer Industry”
Harry Xie, Bruker Optics

2:25 “Time-domain NMR: Uses and Contributions to Process Control”
Vaughn Davis, Progression

2:50 “Recent Progress of NMR and MRI in Petroleum Exploration”
YiQiao Song, Schlumberger-Doll

3:15 Break

3:35 “Applications of Time-domain NMR to Laboratory and On-line Polymer Analysis”
Maziar Sardashti,ConocoPhillips

4:00 “Challenges in On-line Water Cut Monitoring of Heavy Oil Thermal Operations Using Low Field NMR”
Sergey Kryuchkov, University of Calgary

4:25 “Benchtop Fluoride NMR: A Rapid QC/QA Method”
Chris Borgia, Colgate-Palmolive

The Wood-Based Biorefinery in a Petroleum Depleted World

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 1:08 pm

The Mid-Hudson Section of the American Chemical Society and Vassar College Announce

“The Wood-Based Biorefinery in a Petroleum Depleted World”

Dr. Arthur J. Stipanovic,

Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry

State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF)

Wednesday, November 7th, 2007

Time: 7:00 pm

Location: Mudd Chemistry Building, Third Floor

Refreshments will be served at 6:30 pm

Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York

Contact: Dr Joseph Tanski (jotanski@vassar.edu, 845-437-7503)

Abstract: The 21st century is envisioned to become the “age of biology” as renewable biomass resources replace petroleum in energy and industrial product applications. Motivated by concerns over national energy security, global CO2 reduction, a need for biodegradable products, and enhanced rural economic development, the engineering and construction of “biorefineries” for the manufacture of fuels, chemicals, polymeric materials and power from renewable resources is now a critical national priority. The context and intent of a biorefinery must be much more than simply replacing crude oil with renewable raw materials. A successful biorefinery must: 1) efficiently separate its raw material source into individual components, and, 2) be able to convert these components into marketplace products. The biorefinery must mirror the efficiency of today’s modern petrochemical refinery in using all components of its raw material source for the production of chemicals, fuels, and power.

Woody “lignocellulosic” biomass is a complex, composite material consisting of three polymers in close association: hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin plus small amounts of low molecular weight extractives and inorganics. In this presentation, a group of synergistic biomass feedstock and “biorefining” technologies under development at SUNY-ESF, in collaboration with many industrial and academic partners, will be discussed including: short-rotation fast growing willow production, biodelignification, hemicellulose extraction, polymer conversion to fermentable sugars, biodegradable thermoplastics and hemicellulose-based composites.

See the Stipanovic Website at SUNY_ESF for further details…..http://www.esf.edu/chemistry/faculty/stipanov.htm

Bio: Dr. Arthur J. Stipanovic is currently Professor and Chair of the Department of Chemistry at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF) in Syracuse , NY , and also serves as Director, Analytical and Technical Services. His research interests include biodegradable polymers from renewable resources, high-throughput analytical techniques for determining the composition of woody biomass and new processes for the wood-based biorefinery. Dr. Stipanovic received both his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from SUNY-ESF in polymer chemistry and much of his career was spent at the Texaco R&D labs in Beacon, NY, in new technology and lubricants research. He is a past Councilor and Executive Board member of the Mid-Hudson ACS section and, more recently, has served as Chair of the Syracuse section.

Directions: Vassar College is located off Raymond Avenue in Poughkeepsie , NY. Refer to the following link for driving directions and campus map: http://www.vassar.edu/directions/. Enter the Main Entrance of the campus on Raymond Avenue and go right towards the Mudd Chemistry Building. The Security Guard at the Main Entrance will direct you to parking.

June 12, 2007

NMR Analysis of Jasmine Absolute - jasmine officinale - Egypt

Filed under: NMR — processn @ 12:51 pm

NMR analysis of Jasmine Absolute.

For more information on NMR of Essential Oils visit the PNA website.

May 15, 2007

Omega-3 Dietary Supplements - NMR Analysis

Filed under: Chemistry, NMR — processn @ 7:39 am

Fish Oils - Flaxseed Oils

NMR is extensively utilized to analyze fish oils and edible oils high in omega-3 fatty acids.

Examples of 1H and 13C data and analysis are provided below:

13C NMR Analysis of Fish Oil Supplement

13C NMR of Flaxseed Oil Supplement

May 14, 2007

Wine Analysis by NMR

Filed under: Chemistry, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 6:38 pm

Brief Overview of Wine Analysis by 1H and 13C NMR

Wine analysis by 1H or 13C NMR can be used to follow acid content during maturation. Lactic, succininc and acetic acid can be followed readily by both techniques and presence of sugar, glycerol, and methanol can be observed.

Chemometric approaches are starting bear fruit with respect to quantitative analysis:

NMR Without Solvents - Biodiesel Production Process - FAME, Glycerol, FFA, and Methanol

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 6:36 pm

1H and 13C NMR NMR is typically obtained using deuterated NMR solvents to lock the field during acquisition. In some cases the use of these solvents is problematic as it prevents observation of solublized phases present in the sample. As an example we show here the NMR data obtained on a biodiesel production process. One of the major issues with the FAME product is the presence of glycerol in the product. NMR analysis is usually performed by dissolving the FAME in CDCl3 in which glycerol is completely insoluble. Thus NMR analysis performed in this way does not allow analysis of residual glycerol content. However, if the FAME is run neat this issue does not arise.
Another analysis of enormous interest from the process control standpoint is the analysis of the glycerol/methanol phase. This phase contains considerable free fatty acids as well as the glycerol by product and excess methanol from the transesterification process. The three components are readily observed by 1H and 13C NMR, and 23Na can be used to observe NaOH content in the phase. Finally the shift and shape of the observed OH resonance can yield information on the pH of the glycerol phase. Typically this analysis is done in DMSO-d6

Below are some examples of NMR obtained without a deuterated solvent:

Difference in aliphatic carbon distribution between FAME phase and Free Fatty Acids (FFA)

found in the glycerol - methanol phase.

1H NMR of aliphatic component found in the FAME phase as well as the FFA in the glycerol phase.

May 10, 2007

NMR PhD Position with Damien Jeannerat at Universite de Geneve

Filed under: NMR — processn @ 11:12 am

I am posting this on behalf of Damien Jeannerat.

PhD Position Available Starting in September 2007

April 16, 2007

Monitoring of a Biodiesel Transesterification Process with a TD-NMR Spectrometer

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 6:18 pm

The 19.5 MHz Spintrack NMR analyzer was utilized to study a FAME biodiesel production reaction. The samples analyzed were: 

1) Used vegetable oil

2) Partially transesterified biodiesel product (bad biodiesel) 

3) High yield FAME biodiesel product 

4) Glycerin by-product from the process

 

CPMG T2 decays were generated and then that data was processed with a inverse laplace transformation to produce T2 distribution profiles.

NMR Experiment explanation is given below:

 

 

The CPMG data obtained on the four samples is shown below:

The T2 distribution profiles obtained by inverse Laplace transformation of the CPMG data are shown below:

 

 

Plainly TD-NMR can play a role in monitoring the biodiesel production process.

 

TD-NMR Analysis of Catalytic Cracker Feedstocks

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 6:16 pm


The 19.5 MHz Spintrack NMR analyzer was utilized to study a large series of  vacuum gas oils and FCC feeds for which PNA also has laboratory test data.

The analysis was performed on a SpinTrack 19.5 MHz TD-NMR spectrometer - CPMG T2 decays were generated and then that data was processed with a inverse laplace transformation to produce T2 distribution profiles. These T2 distribution profiles are currently being correlated to physical and chemical property data.

NMR Experiment explanation is given below:

 

 

The CPMG data obtained on the four samples is shown below:

 

The T2 distribution profiles obtained by inverse Laplace transformation of the CPMG data are shown below:

 

The correlation between T2 distribution and the metal content, viscosity, distillation range, density, asphaltene content are all being investigated at the current time.

April 15, 2007

13C NMR of FAME Biodiesel

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 9:57 am

pdf version

Below are examples of 13C NMR data obtained on biodiesel (FAME) and the vegetable oil precursor that it was made from by transesterification process involving microwave activation of the reaction between triglycerides and methanol in the presence of a caustic catalyst. Process NMR Associates is developing correlations between 13C NMR data and biodiesel properties stipulated in ASTM 6751.

Detailed 13C NMR Analysis of Hydrocarbons - Patent Applications

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 9:02 am

Today one often finds hydrocarbon mixtures described by the detailed carbon type analysis that is possible from 13C NMR.

Many petroleum related products are being described in this way in patents leading to a novel way of describing a material and restricting others from using those same materials in products of their own. See Exxon, Mobil, and Chevron patents such as:

 6,090,989 ;  6,210,559  ;  6,059,955  ;  6,846,778  ;  20050077208  ; and 20050077209

In this PDF file we have shown some of the details present in a 13C NMR spectrum on petroleum products such a base oils, gas oils, diesels, etc.

Details of NMR Analysis

There are some issues with the assignements of many of these patents … for more details on how NMR might be of use in the patent process contact John Edwards

April 14, 2007

NMR Analysis of Hydrocarbonic Solvents

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 10:27 am

pdf version


Naphtha Chemistry Analysis by 1H NMR

Filed under: Chemistry, Energy, NMR, Process NMR — processn @ 10:24 am

PDF Version

1H NMR has been used extensively by Process NMR Associates to determine PIONA analysis of Naphthas and to determine detailed aromatics breakdown in aromatics unit feeds, products, and intermediate products. Below are a few examples of naphtha chemistries that are observed and quantified by 1H NMR.

Conjugated Olefin analysis is performed by a combination of HH-COSY and 1D 1H NMR.

 

For more details contact John Edwards

NMR Job Opportunity - Saudi Aramco

Filed under: NMR — processn @ 8:00 am

Saudi Aramco Research and Development are searching for an experienced NMR spectroscopist - see details

Anyone who has NMR employment opportunities should contact Process NMR Associates. We would be happy to post you job listing to our blog and website.

If interested please e-mail a job description, requirements, and contact information to John Edwards

April 13, 2007

Aloe Vera Analysis by NMR

Filed under: Chemistry, NMR — processn @ 9:58 pm

 PDF Version


Adulteration of Acacia senegal (Gum Arabic) Investigated by NMR Spectroscopy

Filed under: Chemistry, NMR — processn @ 9:57 pm
 PDF Version

Quantifying Adulteration of Licorice With Maltodextrin by Liquid and Solid-State NMR

Filed under: Chemistry, NMR — processn @ 9:55 pm

Three samples were analyzed to determine if liquid or solid-state NMR techniques could be utilized to quantify adulteration of licorice powders by maltodextrin. Samples analyzed were:

Maltodextrin, Licorice #1, Licorice #2

Licorice #1 and Licorice #2 were analyzed by a combination of liquid-state 1H and 13C NMR on a Varian Unity-300 spectrometer, and solid-state 13C NMR on a Varian UnityPlus 200 spectrometer. The resulting spectra are shown in the attached plots.

One of the Licorice samples is adulterated by maltodextrin to an unknown concentration, the other licorice sample is pure licorice. Which sample was which was not known during the analysis. Initially it was hoped that the addition of maltodextrin to the licorice would be readily observed as new peaks appearing in the spectrum of the licorice sample. However, it can be seen that in both the 1H and 13C NMR there is considerable overlap of the peaks in the spectra of pure licorice and maltodextrin.

When no observable maltodextrin peaks could be assigned it was decided to simply use the quantitative integral data from the regions of the spectrum where the maltodextrin overlaps with the licorice spectrum compared to the integrals obtained from regions solely assignable to licorice. In Tables 1-3 are the quantitative results for each of the experiments performed.

Table 1: 1H NMR Integral Regions

Normalized on Reg 4

 

 

 

Regions 1 and 2 contain maltodextrin/licorice peaks.

Regions 3 and 4 contain only licorice peaks …. Data was norma lized to region 4. The norma lization norma lizes the licorice signal intensity. Thus the increased intensity of regions 1 and 2 in sample #1 is indicative that this sample contains maltodextrin. Samples #1+ and #2+ were made by adding more maltodextrin to the samples. Sample #1+ contains a further 10.9 wt % maltodextrin, while sample #2+ contains 11.4 wt% maltodextrin. The values were used to calculate the maltodextrin content in sample #1.

The 1H analysis indicates that there is 3.3 wt% maltodextrin in sample #1

Table 2: 13C NMR Integral Regions

Normalize on Region 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

Regions 1-3 were common to licorice and maltodextrin signals, while regions 4-7 were exclusive to licorice signals. Normalization on region 7 sets the licorice at a norma lized intensity. Again the intensty of regions 1-3 increases from sample #2 to sample #1 indicating the presence of maltodextrin in sample #1.

Calculation indicates that there  is 6.1 wt% maltodextrin in the sample.

Table 3: Solid-State 13C Integral Regions

Solids 13C CPMAS

Normalized to Reg 3

 

Region 1 contains maltodextrin and licorice signals, while regions 2 and 3 contain only licorice signals.

Again, the intensity of region 1 increases from sample #2 to 31 upon norma lization of the licorice only region 3. This confirms the presence of maltodextrin in sample #1. Samples #2+ and #1+ were not analyzed by solid-state NMR. This 13C analysis is much faster than the liquid-state NMR and would be a plausible short cut to quantify maltodextrin content.

  Upon completion of the analysis it was revealed that the adulteration value was 5% maltodextrin.

 

PDF Version - AppNote - Spectra

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